APPEARANCE

• Large, glossy-black bird with a wedge-shaped tail.
• Larger than a crow with a longer, thicker bill.
• Distinctive shape in flight, with rather long, swept-back wings and long tail.
• Note smoother, steadier wingbeats compared with faster, choppier wingbeats of crows.

BEHAVIOUR

• Often solitary or in pairs, but can gather in small groups.

SOUND

• Typical call is a loud, guttural croak, but makes an astonishing variety of other strange noises.

APPEARANCE

• The quintessential big black crow, without obvious field marks.
• Smaller than the Common Raven, which has longer, wedge-shaped tail, heavier bill, shaggy throat, and deeper voice.
• Ravens soar and glide readily, whereas crows typically flap continuously.

BEHAVIOUR

• Common in varied open and semi-open habitats from towns and farmland to open woodland and moorland.
• Found in pairs or small groups; large flocks only at roosts.

SOUND

• Typically gives raucous caws.

APPEARANCE

• Distinctive crow with an ashy gray body and contrasting black head, wings, and tail.
• Essentially unmistakable unless seen in poor light or at a distance.
• Birds average paler in eastern parts of range, with “Mesopotamian Crow” of Iraq and southwestern Iran being almost black-and-white.
• Hybridizes with Carrion Crow where the two overlap.

BEHAVIOUR

• Found in varied open and semiopen habitats from towns and farmland to open woodland and moorland.
• Found in pairs or small groups, not usually in large flocks except at roosts.

SOUND

• Gives typical crow caws, often indistinguishable from those of Carrion Crow.

APPEARANCE

• Typical, heavy-billed raven, but with the unusual addition of a white wedge on the back of the neck.
• Flight is powerful and heavy; sometimes soars.
• Larger than Pied Crow, with a heavier bill and much less white.
• Similar to Thick-billed Raven, but shorter-tailed, smaller-billed, and with a more extensive white patch on the neck.
• Found in a variety of habitats in rocky or mountainous country. Usually in pairs or small flocks; feeds by walking along the ground.

BEHAVIOUR

• Usually in pairs or small flocks; feeds by walking along the ground.

SOUND

• Call is a rough "krrraw".

APPEARANCE

• Appears all black; the namesake white neck feathers are only visible during courtship.
• Note its bright red eyes.
• The only other large black species sharing its range is the Palm Crow, which has dark eyes and is a bit smaller.
• Additionally, the White-necked Crow has a relatively long, pointed bill with limited feathering atop when compared with that of the Palm Crow.
• Note smoother, steadier wingbeats compared with faster, choppier wingbeats of crows.

BEHAVIOUR

• Occupies a wide range of habitats including agricultural fields, but prefers wet upland woods.

SOUND

• This species vocalizations are remarkably parrotlike and rather unlike those of other crows.
• Calls include an upward inflected, rolling, and drawn out "wreh", usually given in series as well as a variety of shrill burbling or gobbling sounds.

APPEARANCE

• Handsome black-and-white crow.
• Strong flier that will fly high and occasionally soar.
• Overall shape and size similar to some raptors, but none of them show Pied Crow’s contrast between black tail, white underparts, and black head.

BEHAVIOUR

• Found in almost all habitats except driest desert and thick rainforest.
• Feeds by walking along the ground.

SOUND

• Common call is a typical crow "crawk".

APPEARANCE

• Distinctive, small social crow with contrasting, silvery-gray neck shawl and staring whitish eyes; juvenile has duller shawl and eyes.
• Walks confidently, and can be easy to see where not persecuted; associates readily with crows and Rooks.
• You can also write in another line inside the same Item.
• Distinctive shape in flight, with rather long, swept-back wings and long tail.
• Note smoother, steadier wingbeats compared with faster, choppier wingbeats of crows.

BEHAVIOUR

• Flocks can number in the hundreds or thousands in the nonbreeding season.
• Inhabits open and semiopen habitats, from towns and wooded parkland to farmland and sea cliffs; often around stone buildings and chimneys.
• Nests in cavities.

SOUND

• Listen for its distinctive high-pitched "tchaw, tchaw" calls.

APPEARANCE

• Large, glossy black crow.
• Adult is easily passed off as another crow species unless you see the diagnostic pale patch at the base of the bill.
• Juvenile lacks a pale bill base and is very similar to Carrion Crow, but bill is a little more tapered; pale bill base develops late in its first winter.

BEHAVIOUR

• Inhabits farmland and other semiopen areas with hedges and groups of tall trees, where nests in rookeries.
• Forages on ground, usually in flocks, and associates readily with crows and jackdaws.

SOUND

• Rook calls are higher pitched and less rolling than other crow calls.

APPEARANCE

• A slender, blackish medium-sized crow with a long bill.
• The grayish nape and sides form a paler collar that contrasts with the glossy black body.

BEHAVIOUR

• Primarily a scavenger, feeding on leftover rubbish from humans.
• Found in a wide range of habitats mostly around human habitation.

SOUND

• Their call is a loud and harsh "kaa kaa kaa".